【親子共讀】學(xué)齡前讀寫能力培養(yǎng)Early Literacy 3.4 | 書籍愛好，文字意識

Read…eraly,Talk…often,Play…always！

這次總結(jié)的兩個(gè)能力屬最基本能力，是從出生就需要培養(yǎng)的能力，適合Under 2的babies。

－什么是書籍愛好？What is Print motivation？

Print motivation is a child's interest in and enjoyment of books，More simply, it is loving books！

It is never too early to start reading to babies. Children who enjoy books and reading will be curious about how to read and will want to read more .

studies show that if reading is a negative experience, kids will associate the negative interaction with books and reading. You know reading is no longer fun if you are forcing your child to sit still and listen, or the language you are using with your baby becomes harsh.

Reading should be pleasurable for you both. Your baby will be more responsive and attentive if the experience is positive and fun.

給孩子閱讀再早都不為過，喜歡書籍和閱讀的孩子會(huì)對如何讀充滿好奇，也愿意讀更多。

研究顯示如果閱讀是消極的經(jīng)歷，孩子會(huì)講這種消極與書籍和閱讀相聯(lián)系。如果強(qiáng)迫孩子安靜的坐著聽，或者使用閱讀的時(shí)候使用嚴(yán)厲的語氣，閱讀將不再是一件令人愉快的事情。

閱讀應(yīng)該是一件孩子和父母都感到愉快的事情，如果閱讀的體驗(yàn)正向積極，孩子將對閱讀更加熱情主動(dòng)。

－與孩子分享書籍、讓閱讀愉快小貼士 

   Tips for sharing books with your baby and making reading fun

Share a book with your baby every day. Just a few minutes will make a difference in how soon your child learns language and reading becomes a habit；

Make sure both you and your baby are in a good mood so reading together is enjoyable and not a struggle. Stop reading when your baby loses interest. You can always read again later  in the day；

Choose books you like to read. If you are reading books you enjoy, your baby will notice and chances are, he will enjoy them too；

reading at the same time each day will establish a ritual and your baby will know what to expect.

每天和孩子分享閱讀，即使很短的時(shí)間也可以幫孩子養(yǎng)成學(xué)習(xí)語言和閱讀的習(xí)慣。確保孩子和你都有好的情緒，這樣一起閱讀講將是享受而不是煎熬。當(dāng)孩子失去興趣的時(shí)候，STOP?。。≡诮酉聛硪惶炖锒伎梢栽僬視r(shí)間閱讀。

選擇你喜歡的書籍，如果你享受閱讀，孩子會(huì)注意到并享受這個(gè)過程。

在每天的同一時(shí)間閱讀，會(huì)建立儀式感，讓孩子有所期待。

－在日常中幫助孩子學(xué)會(huì)愛惜書

   Help our baby learn to love books throughout the day

Visit the library often and make it a fun outing；

Read plastic books in the bathtub；

Keep books in the car or diaper bag. The next time you are standing in line at the grocery store or bank, pull out a book and share it with your baby；

Make books a part of your life. Make them available throughout your house and in the car to provide easy access for your baby.

經(jīng)常訪問圖書館，讓它變成愉快的出行；

在浴缸中閱讀塑料書；

在車?yán)锖桶镅b上書，在排隊(duì)的時(shí)候，隨時(shí)可以和孩子分享閱讀；

讓書籍成為生活的一部分，讓他們在家里、車?yán)?，孩子隨時(shí)都可以拿到。

－情緒培養(yǎng)和孩子學(xué)習(xí)

   Emotional Development and Your Babys Learning 

Tone and facial expressions are understood before words. Emotional learning is connected to all domains of learning. Reading books pictures of babies and people expression emotions is a great way teach your baby about emotional responses. Hold your baby close as you read these stories aloud and explain what each person is feeling in the book. Keep a child safe hand mirror or a mirror on the wall where your baby can look at herself. Understanding emotions will help your baby express himself when he learns to talk later on.

Looking in the mirror will help your baby understand his own body and facial expressions. He will enjoy seeing his reactions to toys,books and music.

Play games like Peek-a-boo, which helps your baby's brain develop. This is a fun game that forms thousands of connections among your baby' s brain cells each time it is played. Young children and their parents are"wired"to form close emotional ties through an ongoing dialogue of coos, gazes and smiles.

Peek-a-boo helps the caregiver and baby forge a relationship through communication and facial expressions

Children who have loving, consistent, sensitive caretakers will have social and cognitive skills in childhood that are superior to those of children who did not benefit from such care. These are important skills that are linked to successful learning throughout life.

語調(diào)和面部表情在詞語之前被理解，情緒學(xué)習(xí)與學(xué)習(xí)的所有領(lǐng)域相連。和孩子閱讀表現(xiàn)有關(guān)表情的繪本是一個(gè)教孩子情緒反應(yīng)的好方法。當(dāng)讀這些書的時(shí)候，把孩子靠近你，大聲讀，解釋每個(gè)人的情緒。給孩子一個(gè)安全的鏡子，讓孩子能夠看到自己，理解情緒可以幫助孩子在接下來學(xué)習(xí)說話的時(shí)候更好的自我表達(dá)。

看鏡子有助于孩子理解自己的肢體語言和面部表達(dá)，我講高興看到她對玩具，書籍，音樂的反應(yīng)。

和孩子玩類似躲貓貓的游戲，可以幫助孩子大腦的成長，這是一個(gè)每次都會(huì)形成成千山萬腦細(xì)胞連接的游戲。孩子和父母通過持續(xù)的輕柔對話，凝視，微笑建立密切的情感聯(lián)結(jié)。

得到持續(xù)的，細(xì)致關(guān)愛的孩子將在童年將會(huì)比沒有的小孩擁有更好的社交和認(rèn)知技能，社交和認(rèn)知技能是與終身成功學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的重要技能。

-小孩的文字意識Toddlers Print Awareness

Print awareness is noticing print everywhere and knowing how books work- the front cover, what's upside down, which page to start on and how to look at words from left to right (in many languages)

When children feel comfortable with books, they can concentrate on reading.Point out words, letters and numbers in your child's environment (signs, food labels, game instructions). Eventually they will begin to read (recognize)words on their own, especially if you point out the same words every time you see them。

文字意識注意到每個(gè)地方都有文字并且知道書籍是如何工作的 －－封面，什么是顛倒的，哪個(gè)頁面開始以及如何從左到右查看單詞（在許多語言中）。

當(dāng)孩子們對書籍感覺舒適的時(shí)候，他們可以集中精力閱讀。指出環(huán)境中的單詞，字母和數(shù)字（標(biāo)志，食品標(biāo)簽，游戲說明）。最終他們會(huì)開始自己閱讀（識別）單詞，尤其是那些重復(fù)指出的單詞。

－培養(yǎng)文字意識 Developing Print Awareness

Read: Let your child hold the book and turn the pages, even if they skip pages. This will help them understand how a book works and how to handle it properly；

Write: Provide markers, crayons and paper so your child can practice writing. Even if it is just scribbles they are building fine motor skills and learning about what print and words mean；

Sing: Share nursery rhymes about numbers. Write the numbers on a piece of paper and point to them when you recite the rhyme. Once your child gets used to this, they can point to the numbers while you say the rhyme together. Start with: One, Two Buckle My Shoe: One, two buckle my shoe/ Three, four knock at the door/ Five, six pick up sticks/Seven, eight lay them straight/Nine, ten a big fat hen!

Talk: Talk about print even when you are not reading together. Look for letters and words on signs,labels, and lists；

Play: Play time can be an opportunity to show children that print is used in a wide variety ways；

Drivers use maps, chefs use recipes, shoppers use lists. The more children see writing in their play props，the more they learn that print is something that is all around them.讀：讓您的孩子拿著書并翻頁，即使他們跳過頁面。這將有助于他們了解圖書的工作原理以及如何正確處理圖書；

寫：提供標(biāo)記，蠟筆和紙張，以便您的孩子可以練習(xí)寫作。即使它只是涂鴉，他們正在建立精細(xì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)技能，并了解印刷和文字的含義；

唱：分享關(guān)于數(shù)字的童謠。將數(shù)字寫在一張紙上，當(dāng)你背韻時(shí)指向它們。一旦你的孩子習(xí)慣了這一點(diǎn)，他們可以指出數(shù)字，同時(shí)你一起說韻。Start with: One, Two Buckle My Shoe: One, two buckle my shoe/ Three, four knock at the door/ Five, six pick up sticks/Seven, eight lay them straight/Nine, ten a big fat hen!

說：即使你不在一起閱讀，也要談?wù)摯蛴?。在?biāo)志，標(biāo)簽和列表上查找字母和單詞；

玩：游戲時(shí)間可以向孩子們展示文字以多種方式使用。司機(jī)使用地圖，廚師使用食譜，購物者使用清單。孩子們在他們的戲劇道具中看到寫作的次數(shù)越多，他們就越了解到文字就在他們身邊。

4級Walk On!5人有 · 評價(jià)1Marla Frazee 著；Marla Frazee 繪Harcourt Children's Books / 2006-04

Walk On！是一個(gè)關(guān)于嬰兒第一步規(guī)則的精彩故事。 當(dāng)你想到孩子的第一步或他準(zhǔn)備好的第一步時(shí)，你會(huì)喜歡大聲朗讀。 向您的寶寶大聲讀書，您也喜歡閱讀，這是確保您都喜歡閱讀的完美方式。 當(dāng)你的寶寶還小的時(shí)候，你讀的不是那么多，而是你如何讀它。 如果您喜歡閱讀一本書，它將以您的聲音顯示，您的寶寶將被您和書籍吸引。

Peekaboo Morning44人有 · 評價(jià)21 · 書評2Rachel Isadora 著；Rachel Isadora 繪Putnam Juvenile / 2008-05

寶貝喜歡和家人，玩具和朋友玩躲貓貓。當(dāng)你一起玩躲貓貓時(shí)，角色在游戲中的好奇和快樂將反映出你寶寶的感受。 寶寶將與書中嬰兒的經(jīng)歷相關(guān)聯(lián)，當(dāng)你閱讀完后，你將享受與躲貓貓玩耍的游戲。 選擇與孩子經(jīng)歷可以形成聯(lián)系的書籍。 這將確保您的寶寶會(huì)喜歡您一起閱讀的內(nèi)容。

0級Counting Kisses5054人有 · 評價(jià)2501 · 書評36Karen KatzSimon&Schuster / 2003-01

Counting Kisses將計(jì)數(shù)和身體部位介紹給寶寶的書。 書中的嬰兒在準(zhǔn)備睡覺時(shí)會(huì)收到家人和寵物的一些吻。 在讀書時(shí)要花時(shí)間親吻自己寶寶的腳趾肚臍，耳朵等。選擇其他互動(dòng)的書籍。 無論什么時(shí)候你都可以用嬰兒來表達(dá)故事的一部分，你就會(huì)在你和你的孩子之間形成更深層次的聯(lián)系，故事對你們兩個(gè)人來說都會(huì)更有趣。 幫助你們促進(jìn)關(guān)系的書籍將幫助你的寶寶將她對你的感受與她對閱讀和書籍的感受聯(lián)系起來。

（資料來自Broomfield library，致謝）